Money Bring Happiness Free Essays

â€Å"It isn't cash that raises bliss however what we do and how we do it† 309 Money is regularly refered to as a significant material for individuals to fulfill their requirements ran from the least complex to the most confused want. Henceforth, numerous individuals consume their entire time on earth looking for cash which offers them most extreme bliss and super force. Conversely, I sincerely accept that it isn't cash that raises bliss however what we do and how we do it. We will compose a custom article test on Cash Bring Happiness or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Talking about mindset, cash isn't essential and adequate condition driving us to joy. What is satisfaction? Basically, joy is the manner in which individuals feel happy with what they have. Let’s me back it up by certain outlines. A writer will feel sublimated when he wraps up an artful culmination of sonnet. A stamp assortment will clearly content with looking and cherishing his stamps. Indeed, even an elderly person can grin for entire day on the off chance that he dominates a match of chess. Without a doubt, in such cases, cash assumes no job in the people feeling. Henceforth, I totally accept that individuals can feel incredibly satisfied and cheerful with no obstruction from cash. In addition, to come clean, being caught up in acquiring cash can bring about the loss of bliss of the individuals throughout everyday life. In the appeared world, individuals continue expecting which is the most ideal approach to put away their cash, what the most gainful market section is qualified to be placed cash in and who is the most appropriate individual who will control the portfolio. The individuals fixated on cash can without much of a stretch overlook their really important assignments, for example, thinking about their families, having time with their friends†¦etc. They trap themselves in the emerged aspiration and lose what are imperative to their life. How might they feel glad? To wrap up, in my point of view, satisfaction can’t be developed exclusively on cash. That’s the explanation we should think about numerous features of life instead of cash. Instructions to refer to Money Bring Happiness, Essay models

Consumer Loyalty in UK Sports Leisure Industry

Shopper Loyalty in UK Sports Leisure Industry The games recreation industry in UK is blasting with conceivable outcomes. The customer spending design over the diversion center points, for example, online gambling clubs, open air sports and other occasion sports has been developing as a better spot for the two buyers just as specialist co-ops (Skills Active, 2009). The center reason for this investigation is to break down through exploration discoveries if the shoppers are faithful to a sort of relaxation sport dependent on socio-affordable factors, for example, pay, instruction and occupation and so forth. The game and entertainment industry all in all utilizes around 621,000 individuals. This is spread over general society, private and willful segments. (Abilities Active, 2009) In such an exceptionally serious condition, client unwaveringness has become an undeniably viable methods for making sure about an organizations benefit (Reinartz Kumar, 2002). Purchaser dedication alludes to a clients rehashed same brand buy inside a given class, in light of a positive disposition toward and inclination for the specific brand. Experimental discoveries have uncovered that expanded piece of the pie and diminishing value affectability among clients are specific commitments of client dedication to an organizations benefit (Chaudhuri Holbrook, 2001). The foundation and support of an unwavering client base should, subsequently, be (and by and large as of now is) a key target for specialist co-ops, since it advances a reasonable serious situation in the commercial center. Client faithfulness lays specifically on the brand, which assumes a significant job in client maintenance. A brand can be portrayed as a bunch of utilitarian and enthusiastic qualities that guarantees an extraordinary and welcome understanding (de Chernatony et al., 2006, p. 819) for its clients. By making novel affiliations and sentiments among clients that are legitimately and only associated with the given, the brand helps specialist co-ops separate themselves from their rivals. Notwithstanding its separation work, the brand fills in as a potential relationship accomplice for the client. The client brand relationship can advance and create through persistent positive communications between the client and the brand (Grã ¶nroos, 2007, p. 331) and furnishes them with the chance to offer their clients benefits that go past the center help (cf. Hennig Thurau et al., 2002, p. 234). In such connections, clients see a brand as a genuine accomplice in the relationship (Sweeney Chew, 2000; ). Clients build associations with brands so they give and enhance their lives (Fournier Yao, 1997). This worth is created by the social advantages coming about because of the relationship with the brand as apparent by the client (cf. Aaker, 2002, p. 95). At last, the client chooses whether the relationship with a given brand creates esteem or not. Thus, it is central for the foundation of client devotion to comprehend what potential and existing clients anticipate from their relationship with the brand. In any case, since clients characters and ways of life contrast, as does their assessment of the relationship with the brand, client attributes should likewise be considered. With the goal of encouraging client reliability, sports relaxation specialist organizations in UK presented devotion plans. These purported club participations, sports complex enrollments and other accommodation tie ups through Mastercard suppliers and so on (Plimmer, 2006). While these projects pull in an incredible number of recreation sports clients, incredulity has been communicated whether such projects in reality lead to genuine client steadfastness dependent on an inspirational mentality toward and inclination for the brand. Pundits declare that the motivation behind why clients repurchase an assistance again from the specialist co-op lays alone on the levelheaded and monetary advantages the cordiality supplier offers (Dowling Uncles, 1997). In the previous two decades enthusiasm for administration quality has reinforced as exploration has demonstrated how enhancements in quality can prompt improved authoritative execution and seriousness (Douglas Connor, 2003). To assess how well their organizations are addressing client needs, administration chiefs regularly use estimations of administration quality and consumer loyalty (Dabholkar, 1995). In this manner, administration quality and consumer loyalty have gotten a lot of consideration from administration advertisers and scholastic analysts (Spreng MacKoy, 1996). Moreover, Taylor (1997) has noticed that the two builds (administration quality and consumer loyalty) have turned out to be significant for advertising hypothesis and practice, since numerous analysts have demonstrated their relationship to attractive purchaser results (Spreng MacKoy, 1996). Most of administrations, including sport administrations, have made all the more requesting and recognizing clients. Expanding desires for sport administrations have driven administrators to become client centered, which thus has brought about the presentation of client care activities so as to improve the nature of administration arrangement (Guest Taylor, 1999). A game specialist co-op can decrease the negative effect of compelling variables by first guaranteeing that its clients are as exceptionally happy with its administrations as could reasonably be expected (Javadein, 2008 Sports Leisure Service Loyalty). Game associations are better situated to procure the positive results related with having a to a great extent fulfilled client base on the off chance that they have a comprehension of those components that add to their clients fulfillment since meeting clients desires for key assistance quality credits should prompt fulfilled clients who, thus, will stay faithful to the administration and prescribe it to other expected clients (Javadein, 2008 Sports Leisure Service Loyalty). In synopsis, sport chiefs ought to be keen on understanding what it is about their administration that explicitly impacts their clients conduct. They need realize that, what explicit parts of their administrations impact clients as far as their fulfillment and their view of administration quality, which, thusly, lead to conduct faithfulness. Tragically, the work that incorporates the job of administration devotion inside the setting of administration promoting factors like assistance quality and consumer loyalty has gotten less consideration. There have been extremely restricted endeavors to explore the connection between administration quality and faithfulness with regards to wear (Javadein, 2008 Sports Leisure Service Loyalty). In this examination, it is inspected if their exists dependability among the shoppers for sports recreation administrations dependent on their layers division dependent on their instruction, pay, word related status and isolated home. Issue DISCUSSION Relaxation sport searchers can get the chance to enjoy wearing and diversion in schools, workplaces, and keeping in mind that on an excursion and at different occasions as well (Mintel, 2009). Quickly the accompanying roads for relaxation sports can be profited by every last one in UK: Outside Sports training Outside interests Region, club and obligation the executives in a scope of settings, including gambling clubs and bingo lobbies; Web based games Experience the travel industry Chiefs of game and relaxation associations are confronted with rising client desires for their administrations. Because of expanding rivalry, a more prominent consciousness of buyer rights and upgrades in administration quality, client desires for game and relaxation administrations are at risk for spiraling wild. Undoubtedly, the capacity to oversee client desires to guarantee that they stay proper and sensible is an expertise that has gotten progressively fundamental for the individuals who deal with the business. Reference Changing social patterns will require progressively successful and proficient administration. The populace is getting continuously more established, couples are having kids later, society is getting progressively quarrelsome, there is a pattern towards sports, locally situated relaxation is getting progressively significant and society is turning out to be globalized. This will have suggestions for programming, advertising, picture and serious edge. These progre ssions will all require better administration (Mintel, 2009). The idea of client dependability in recreation sports industry of UK has been not concentrated appropriately. The standards of minimalness have not been put to use in attempting to comprehend if there exists client dependability in this space dependent on the quantity of hours spent in the games recreation exercises, kinds of exercises and other such boundaries. And furthermore now of time it is obscure if there exists a few contrasts between customers inclinations dependent on their social class division, for example, salary astute, instruction shrewd or word related status insightful and so forth. Reference By and large PURPOSE RESEARCH QUESTIONS In view of the issue conversation the center reason for the examination is to give a knowledge on the client reliability in sports recreation industry of UK dependent on boundaries, for example, social class division, purchaser relaxation conduct towards such alternatives, kinds of recreation trips chose and to gauge or clarify these distinctions through periphery standards. Coming up next are the key Research Questions that will be tended to in the examination work: Q1. Are there any noteworthy contrasts in the relaxation conduct of UK populace? Q2. Can such contrasts be estimated utilizing Marginality Principles? Q3. What might be the key suggestions for boosting Customer Loyalty in sports recreation industry of UK? Writing REVIEW In this part the examination work and related substances are talked about finally viz. relating to sports recreation industry all in all, the social classes in UK and other significant components which influence a purchasers conduct towards the offered administrations. A calculated structure for the exploration would likewise be introduced in this section. Components IN SPORTS LEISURE With elevated levels of speculation arranged by government and bosses, essentially because of the effective London Olympics offer for 2012, there are mo

London 2012: Did the Olympics benefit all, or leave a legacy of widening social inequality?

The Olympic Games have become a much sort after occasion by urban areas around the globe. It is viewed as an open door for the city not exclusively to upgrade and expand its profile, however grandstand its potential as an appealing spot for venture (Hiller, 2006, p.318). This paper will investigate the sociological effect that the Olympics have had on the city of London and its inhabitants. It will be contended that while there are various positive momentary impacts that accompany facilitating the Olympics, not exclusively are the positive long haul impacts rare, however there is various negative impacts affecting those having a place with the lower financial group.By inspecting what has happened in London and contrasting this specific Olympics with some past urban communities that have played host (Barcelona, Sydney, Athens and so on), this exposition will show that while animating monetary development, adding to the transient joy of the occupants and all the more as of late, advanc ing ecological manageability, the Olympics for the most part bring scarcely any advantages for socially barred gatherings. Right off the bat, by taking a gander at the historical backdrop of the five London borough’s to be changed by the Olympics, we will analyze whether class hypothesis is as yet an important issue for London and in the event that Marx and Webber’s thoughts are still applicable.The contention will, at that point be isolated into monetary, social, social and political circles, with each being talked about in wording how they were influenced by facilitating the Olympics in London. The Olympics might be of just brief span; anyway its effect and significance may exist a long ways past the occasion itself for the host city (Hiller, 2000, p.440). The most obvious of these effects identifies with the infrastructural upgrades. All host urban communities do broad recovery of urban territories and in London the greater part of this â€Å"clean up and reorienta tion of city spaces† happened in theâ five East London Olympic host districts of Newham, Tower Hamlets, Hackney, Waltham Forest and Greenwich. (LERI, 2007, p. 5).Traditionally, East London has been the core of assembling and modern work; it has been home to London’s common laborers and has remained moderately poor contrasted with the remainder of the city. In the most recent decade enhancements in foundation and the recovery of London’s docklands has seen the precincts gotten socially energized with little pockets of relative prosperity encompassed by the still high grouping of relative destitution. The current day London is boundlessly unique to Marx’s nineteenth century rendition, yet the reappearance of class as a characterizing factor has seen another age of those by and by being affected by his composition and developmental vision.Marx accepted that class is best comprehended as far as financial components; his hypothetical model is of a two class st ructure of proprietors and non-proprietors (Habibis and Walter, 2009, p. 18). Today’s London isn't so extraordinary, grimness measures and rising joblessness have extended the bay partitioning those who are well off and the poor. In the New York Times, an article by Katrin Bennhold (2012, April 26) states More than 33% of British land is still in refined hands, as per a 2010 possession review by Country Life magazine.In the Conservative-Liberal Democrat alliance bureau, 15 of the 23 clergymen went to Oxford or Cambridge. In view of this, Webber’s multidimensional model of imbalance and his contention that it is power as opposed to class that at last decides the conveyance of assets in the public eye (Habibis and Walter, 2009, p.19) can be utilized to clarify how London is presently being administered. Webber set a lot of accentuation available and in doing so had the option to represent the significance of non-material assets, for example, training and aptitudes. The v ast majority of those living in the East London ahead of the pack up to the Olympics were youthful, coming up short on appropriate training or expertise base and in this way had practically no relationship to the market, thus, no power.Like Webber, Bourdieu likewise accepted that non-financial elements were significant as wellsprings of social force (Habibas and Walter, 2009, p. 50). He would have made a big deal about the way that, of London’s world class and the individuals who at present hold power, most went to the equivalent lofty tuition based schools, subsequently making â€Å"social and social capital† to use as an asset that couple of in the eastern districts could even dream of. Ahead of the pack up to the London 2012 Olympics the world was gone up against with what has become referred to now as the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). This financial downturn prompted an expansion in joblessness and destitution all through the world, especially on account of thos e previously having a place with socially prohibited groups.Social avoidance relates not exclusively to monetary inconvenience however incorporates the rejection of individuals or gatherings from interest in standard social and financial life (Habibis and Walter 2009, p.78). The effect of the GFC was accounted for as leaving an entire age of youngsters with circumstances that don’t satisfy their desires, to where they may desert trust later on by any stretch of the imagination. The emergency implies they constantly face less and less generously compensated passage level employments at each level, from graduate openings to production line work (Apps, 2011).This agitation prompted the London revolts just a year prior to the city was to have the Olympics. London’s Olympic offer was advanced as being pointed legitimately at building up a broad restoration procedure to address the social and monetary issues looked by those living in the eastern districts (LERI, 2007, p. 5). In financial terms, the infrastructural improvements and enormous structure ventures are significant in light of their capacity to pull in speculation and increment business openings. For London, the games related development action is assessed to help a  £13.5 billion commitment to the UK GDP and what might be compared to 267, 000 years of work in the UK economy somewhere in the range of 2005 and 2017 (Oxford Economics, 2012, p.2).However, national figures from December 2012 show a decrease of 25 000 development occupations during the year (Molds, 2012). In the number one spot up to the Athens Olympics in 2004, business went up by 7%, anyway once the games were over Greek industry lost 70 000 positions, mostly in development (LERI, 2007, p.55). The monetary advantages from the lead advancements and significant undertakings should channel down to all gatherings after some time, yet for socially rejected gatherings, there are frequently no advantages. Rather, the effects are frequ ently negative, with house costs rising and the average cost for basic items expanding. â€Å"Those who advantage are the current resource holders and well-to-do center class† (Ryan-Collins and Jackson, 2008, p.4). The social and social effects of facilitating the Olympics have in the past been increasingly about the ‘feel good’ parts of the games (Smith, 2009, p.117), than a specific type of social sustainability.Past Olympic host urban communities, especially Atlanta, Athens and Sydney, have endeavored to utilize the games as an open door for long haul social heritages. Anyway examine proposes that Sydney was the main city where an inheritance for a socially rejected gathering (the Homelessness Protocol) was enduring (Minnaert, 2011, p.370). For East London, three significant changes have occurred since the Olympics. Initially, transport administrations to the territory, particularly Stratford have been drastically improved. Also, so as to rival the colossal new Westfield strip mall, the neighborhood Stratford shopping plaza was given a makeover, yet is as yet giving modest, reasonable products for low pay families.And at last, nearby schools have profited to the degree that they have lifted their presentation from poor to have the option to contend with the national levels (Power, 2012). Minnaert (2011, p.363) has perceived three developing Olympic inheritances for socially prohibited gatherings; aptitudes/chipping in, business, and sports investment. The Olympics has been recognized as giving chipping in programs that improve abilities and employability, yet Hiller (2006, p.320) features that the model for the Olympic volunteer is most appropriate to essentially office workers.The larger part of London’s jobless are youthful, with a poor instruction and little aptitude base. As brought up by Habibis and Walter (2009, p. 134) our own is an information based society and the individuals who have the information and aptitudes (the exceptionally taught) are the ones who access the prizes. A similar issue applies while inspecting expanded work open doors for the host city populace. While it is plentifully clear that truly, there are more occupations, most are not equally conveyed; business openings normally advantage the individuals who as of now have the right stuff and training required to look for and acquire work, with or without, these expanded chances (Minneart, 2011, p. 363).The financial effect of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic games (2012, p.32) states that 3000 beforehand jobless laborers (70% of them from the host precincts) were utilized in the development of the Olympic Park and Athletes town, yet these occupations are probably not going to be lasting as investigation into the heritages of the Barcelona and Athens Olympics proposes that activity creation will in general be impermanent, frequently filled by vagrant and transient specialists, with practically zero change in by and large work rates (East Thames Group, 2007 p.4).One of London’s guarantees during the offering for the 2012 Olympic games was to rouse another age to take up sport (DCMS, 2012, p.3). In the pastâ the Olympics has been connected to expanded interest in sport (Minnaert, 2011, p.363), yet there is little to recommend that these new members are from any socially prohibited gatherings. In spite of the fact that cash, or absence of it, might have an influence in this, another hindering variable is that sport contribution is likewise connected to social capital (Minnaert, 2011, p.363). Bourdieu utilized social capital t

History of Hong Kong Report essays

History of Hong Kong Report papers The travel industry and the Hong Kong economy is essentially portraying the relations between the travel industry and economy in Hong Kong. There are a wide range of assets can cause the effect on economy by the travel industry, for example, the fare of administrations, ventures, and arrangement and so on. The current monograph presents the issues, the source markets which how they influence the travel industry. Likewise investigation of the financial effect of the travel industry and addresses the key significance of aeronautics industry and the air terminal limit issue. Besides, the investigations of the inn business are another key industry in the travel industry area. Likewise, the retail segment, and the structure of new vacation destinations and the arrangement are completely had been referenced from the book. As the book express, a noteworthy extent of guests to Hong Kong are business explorers, not travelers. Obviously, Hong Kong has figured out how to draw in guests who come only for delight. Fares give an incredible upgrade to development. Household request is substantially less ground-breaking in such manner. Essentially, trades speak to an immediate infusion of buying power into the economy. Without wages earned from trade, buying power needs to originate from inside the economy. Likewise, the source markets can be affcting the travel industry. The present institutional requirements on the inflow of China travelers, which is a mind boggling issue. The outcome of direct air interfaces among Taiwan and the People's Republic of China, which a few people find troubling, is required to be slight for evident reasons. The advantages of the show business and the showcasing idea of the incorporated Pearl River Delta, which incomprehensibly extends the extent of vacation spots to guests' busin ess sectors and the developing show business are two new parts of the travel industry that merit notice. Hong Kong has consistently been notable for its receptiveness to work drade. It has additionally caught an enormous portion of the worldwide income that universal travel gen... <!

Managing Business in Europe - Airbus versus Boeing Research Paper

Overseeing Business in Europe - Airbus as opposed to Boeing - Research Paper Example The development of the European Monitory Union (EMU) and its ensuing strategies blended the airplane fabricating industry to another degree of uneasiness and rivalry. At the front line of this opposition, wars are the two significant makers of huge business airplanes, Boeing and Airbus. The example of overcoming adversity or deficiency in that department of the euro represents a great deal of difficulties to the job the U.S dollar has played in the universal airplane advertise, all the more so in the European market. Generally influenced in such manner is Boeing, which completes its creation and deals utilizing the dollar. The negative effects of a dependable euro on the dollar originate from the way that the euro has gotten an appealing option in contrast to the dollar in the European airplane advertise. The euro’s challenge to the dollar as the world’s driving money in the flying business despite everything pulls in a great deal of discussions and vulnerability. On on e side of the discussion are those partners holding the assessment that powers of dormancy will even now observe the dollar keep up its job as the main money in the flying business for a serious long time. The euro-lovers, then again, anticipate a circumstance where the euro will before long adversary the dollar as the favored money in the flight industry’s fabricating subsector. Other than the above lines of thought, there are those flying partners who state that it is too soon to hypothesize on the drawn out effects of the EMU on the job of the dollar or the euro on the makers of airplane, for example, Boeing and Airbus.

International Students at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

International Students at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following was prepared by SIPA student Abibata Shanni Mahama, a second year MIA student concentrating in Economic and Political Development. ______________________________ Prior to SIPA, my concern was mostly how to get adjusted to a new environment and culture entirely different from Ghana but little did I know that there were resources at Columbia University which could easily make me feel at home. This thought vanished right away after the International Students Orientation organized by The International Students and Scholars Office which is very resourceful in getting international students settled for classes. They touched on every bit of student life in a different environment from academic, expressions, language to social life.   As part of the orientation, they   planned   activities for International students to get accustomed to the City of New York and historical places in the United States. The interactions I got from my fellow students alone boosted my morale and confidence of studying at SIPA which is situated in the heart of New York City with easy access to transport and Broadway shows. SIPA also has a   rich blend of Student and Faculty of different nationalities from all over the world representing all continents. Each year approximately 50% of the students at SIPA are international. In fact some students from different schools at Columbia University jokingly refer to SIPA as “Mini UN”. The diversity of rich backgrounds and knowledge make learning fascinating as we learn from each others culture aside academic work. I have particularly achieved a lot of understanding of global issues pertaining to policy by interacting with students from regions relevant to my research for deeper analysis of the issues at stake. For example, before I came to SIPA I had a little knowledge of Africa until I took courses in Economic and Political Development where a wide array of topics are centered on the African Continent where development struggles to address the need of the people that are the targets of the projects. This has given me an insight into the problems and challenges of Africa in terms of development and also paved the direction of the processes to be followed in formulating and implementing policies in the most deprived regions of concern if I ever come across similar issues after graduating from SIPA. International students at SIPA are treated the same as United States citizens. Every student is equally important and relevant. However, the grading system of SIPA is different from other schools. Therefore it is important to find out from respective professors on their grading pattern.

The Anti-Safe

I am an honors kid. I take the hardest classes I can and do well. Because of this I am labeled a â€Å"good kid.† And it’s the truth. I’ve kissed one guy, I’ve never drunk, never smoked, never had a detention, and never been grounded. I’m a parent’s dream child.My grades have always been important and school a top priority. My mom often teases me about what a perfectionist I am, asking to see â€Å"some variety on my report card† instead of just A’s. I’ve never needed to be pushed to do my homework or make good grades. The sacrifice of staying home on weekends to finish projects instead of going out has been made many times.I am self-motivated and ambitious, as well as independent. My G.P.A. satisfies me and I am content with being ranked tenth in my class. Still, something is missing. I haven’t truly been happy.While looking for a quote to begin an essay, I came across: â€Å"You’ve got one life to live. If you died today, would you be satisfied?† I sat and reread that for an hour, trying to take in what it meant. And then I realized, I wouldn’t be satisfied. In fact, I’d be downright furious if I died now. I haven’t experienced anything. I’ve always played it safe ... always. And high school isn’t about playing it safe, it is about taking chances and enjoying your adolescence. Yes, school is important, but it’s life that should be a priority. I needed to start living, experiencing new things. I’m supposed to get in trouble once in a while, screw up a couple of times. I know a whopping 16 years of life on earth can only hold so much, but I was seriously lacking in the enjoying life part. I don’t want to look back on my life and regret what I’ve done. I want to look back and be able to say I had fun. I can’t say my life has changed drastically since my revelation. Honestly, it hasn’t changed much at al l. I’m still striving for those straight A’s and I’m definitely not the biggest risk-taker, but I have noticed I’m a little more easy-going and a little happier. I’ve come to realize that it’s a life lived that matters to me, a life that I can enjoy.

African Americans During The 20th Century - 3084 Words

When looking at the social changes in American culture at the turn of the century, we see extraordinary differences in the accepted behaviours and thoughts of American citizens. The century saw a major shift in the way that people lived, with changes in politics, society, culture, economics, and technology. At the beginning of the century, discrimination based on race and sex was significant, but by the end of the 20th century, women had the same legal rights as men and racism had come to be seen as detestable. African Americans had a major role in the development of popular entertainment in America. Following the Civil War, black Americans, developed a new style of music called ragtime which eventually evolved into what we now know as Jazz. In developing Jazz, African Americans contributed knowledge of the dance and folk music of people across Africa. Together, these musical forms had a major influence on the development of music within the United States and around the world during the 20th century. Early jazz and blues recordings were made in the 1920’s and the early part of the 20th century saw a constant rise in their popularity. In addition, African Americans were making dramatic strides in the world of concert music at the turn of the 20th century. Black people formed their own symphony orchestras and began to perform regularly in major cities such as Chicago, New Orleans, and Philadelphia. By the mid 20th century cover versions ofShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans During The 20th Century1667 Words   |  7 Pagesfor a better part of the 20th century, that what defined a person was merely the color of one’s skin. It is actually more complex than the definition provided. It is one’s life experiences, such as where one lives and the things one deals with. The experiences of African Americans in the 20th century have been similar, mostly experiencing lives filled with affliction. Rather than their skin color, it was the hardships they faced that define what being an African American was all about. On a moreRead MoreAfrican Americans During The 20th Century Essay948 Words   |  4 Pagesby the media? There are a number of stereotypes associated with African Americans in our society such as African American men are athletes, rappers, criminals, deviant, streetwise, uneducated, and unemployed just to name a few. African Americans in the media have changed thro ugh the years. The history of African Americans on TV or minorities in general is hampered by the racial conflicts and segregation that are embedded in American society. Historically, black actors have been grouped stereotypicallyRead MoreAfrican Americans During The 20th Century1261 Words   |  6 Pagesthe most influential time frame for African-Americans in the United States would be from 1940-1970. During this time in America, Blacks everywhere were fighting against segregation and discrimination of their race. Consequently, the timeline of events that occurred during this time uncovers the numerous battles that African-American people fought in order to gain their freedom, and their rights as Americans. While these battles seemed everlasting, African-Americans were more persistent than ever inRead MoreRacism Against African Americans Became A Major Issue During The Mid -20th Century1032 Words   |  5 PagesRacism against African Americans became a major issue during the mid -20th century. Blacks became tired of the mistreatment they had to face every day, which is why multiple civil rights activists and groups were created in order to change the system. One of these activists, or should I say extremist, was known as the most noble after presenting his 17 minute speech â€Å"I Have a Dream,† given in 1963. He begins his speech painting a passionate picture of racial injustice. He talks about his dream thatRead MoreAfrican American Mothers in Movies662 Words   |  3 Pagesbirth. As people have certain ideas of how a mother acts and presents herself, there is a unique depiction particularly of African American mothers during the 20th century. At the Mothers in Movies event, we were presented with different clips to analyze and discuss. The compilation of these clips surfaced different ideas held of African American mothers during the 20th century, such as conformity to social norms, aggressiveness, and tough love. 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Effects of Underage Drinking on Society Essay - 1100 Words

Underage Drinking Anyone who is below eighteen years of age is considered as underage and laws in many countries prohibit such a person from consuming alcohol. Alcohol happens to be the most commonly abused drug not only among the youth but also among adults. This paper explores underage drinking, its effects on the society and outlines what can be done to curb it. Young people are considered to constitute the largest number of alcohol consumers and they account for a large portion of alcohol sales. This is despite the strict drinking laws that govern many countries as regards alcohol purchase and consumption. Underage drinking, which has been on the increase, is allegedly the major cause of alcohol-related problems facing the modern†¦show more content†¦Social influences include low socio-economic status of the individual, low levels of parental guidance and education, family or domestic issues at home, presence of a history of alcoholism in the family, lack of rules on alc ohol use in the family setting and peer pressure. The cultural norms in which one has been brought up also play a major role in how one develops and one’s behavior towards alcohol abuse. Being a very big problem to the society and government at large, underage drinking may not be totally eradicated but can be reduced to manageable levels. To do this, a collective approach has to be used in implementing the various recommended prevention measures. The best approach towards reducing adolescent drinking is through numerous strategies which include school-based strategies, family, and community as well as extracurricular strategies (Komro and Toomey 3). The family strategy basically involves the parents and other family members creating a good relationship with the adolescents under their care. The parents and guardians should be good role models to their children in terms of their alcohol related behavior (Bonnie and O’Connell 19). For example, if a parent is an alcoholic, the child is bound to get the wrong picture about the parent and eventually get into alcohol in later stages of life as they argue that, alcohol is not bad since their parents also drink. Good rapport between parents and adolescents is vital as it sets a foundationShow MoreRelatedThe Plague Of Underage Drinking1356 Words   |  6 PagesThe Plague of Underage Drinking â€Å"Every year in the U.S., roughly 5,000 people under the age of 21 die from an alcohol-related incident including car crashes, homicides, suicides, alcohol poisoning and other related injuries† ( â€Å"11 Facts About Alcohol Abuse†). That is 5,000 more teens or young adults that could be saved from this plague in this society (11 Facts About Alcohol Abuse). Underage drinking and alcoholism is a huge problem in the United States, and as a society need to make a change withRead MoreEssay about A Better Solution to the Underage Drinking Problem759 Words   |  4 PagesA Better Solution to the Underage Drinking Problem Recently, the issue of underage drinking has become a major problem for our society. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2009), about 10.4 million young people between ages 12 and 20 have drank more than â€Å"just a few sips† of alcohol. Moreover, 5,000 people under the age of 21 die each year in alcohol-related deaths including car crashes, homicides, and other injuries such as falls (NIAAA, 2009). When adolescentsRead More The Harms of Underage Alcohol Consumption Essay examples826 Words   |  4 PagesThe Harms of Underage Alcohol Consumption Alcohol use is extremely prevalent in our society. Young people grow up seeing their parents and other adults make toast of wine and champagne at special occasions, as well as casually enjoying a few beers at a picnic. Today alcoholic beverages are frequently as common at business lunches as they are at college frat parties. Underage drinking is a huge problem which everyone must face. Under age drinking not only has devastating effects on those whoRead MoreUnderage Drinking868 Words   |  4 Pagesextremely prevalent in our society. Young people grow up seeing their parents and other adults make toast of wine and champagne at special occasions, as well as casually enjoying a few beers at a picnic. Today alcoholic beverages are frequently as common at business lunches as they are at college frat parties. Underage drinking is a huge problem which everyone must face. Under age drinking not only has devastating effects on those who drink but also on our society. Young people illeg ally consumeRead MoreCause and Effect of Underage Drinking780 Words   |  4 Pagespaper I will exam the causes of underage drinking and they effects that this may place on the individual, their families, and society. According to the United States Department of Health and Human Services, Young people begin to take risks and experiment as they transition from childhood to adulthood. Without support and guidance, some young people may engage in behaviors that place them and others at risk Ââ€" including using alcohol. (Youth and Underage Drinking: An Overview, 2004). As a childRead MoreUnderage Drinking As A New Phenomenon1475 Words   |  6 PagesUnderage drinking in the US is one of the social issues, which has been responsible for numerous economic losses, accidents, deaths and crimes. Youth have become actively involved in drinking abuse, where they lose their sense of understanding and comprehension. To eradicate the social issue of underage drinking, numerous strategies have been implemented by the US government, where some of them were successful, while others were not able to produce significant reduction in underage drinking. TodayRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Of The United States920 Words   |  4 Pages The legal drinking age has always been a debatable topic that people argue about all the time. Alcohol has been a drug problem for the majority of our young adults all around the world. The goal is to decrease the effects of underage drinking In the United States by keeping the legal drinking law 21. Every state had the rig ht to their own legal drinking age, therefore during the 1970 1980’s some states had 21 while others had 18. This problem was carried over when teenagers got behindRead MoreDrinking Age1012 Words   |  5 PagesDrinking Age The drinking age was moved from 18 to 21 for a reason. The higher drinking age of 21 has saved many lives, helped reduce the amount of underage drinking, and therefore should not be lowered. Many studies from a large variety of sources have proven higher drinking ages have a positive effect on society. Alcohol is harmful to the development of younger people. Research has shown that an adult is less likely to bingeRead MoreUnderage Drinking Essays1216 Words   |  5 Pageswho is under the legal alcohol drinking age. Fewer situations are more life threatening than when an underage driver has been illegally consuming alcohol, yet persists in the belief that he or she retains the ability to drive safely. Thoughts along this line are foolish at best and deadly at worst. Unfortunately the worst case scenario is all to often a common occurance among intoxicated teenage drivers. Obataining a complete grasp of the effects of underage drinking and driving require not only simpleRead MoreLowering The Minimum Drinking Age1429 Words   |  6 Pagesand Thailand are others – with a minimum drinking age over 18† (Griggs, 1). When Ronald Reagan signed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, its goal was to reduce less-mature adults from consuming alcohol an d performing reckless acts (Cary, 1). However, despite the current drinking age, 17.5 percent of consumer spending for alcohol in 2013 was under the age of 21. It is estimated that â€Å"90 percent of underage drinking is consumed via binge drinking†¦with alcohol abuse becoming more prevalent

Structural Equation Modeling

Structural equation modeling is an advanced statistical technique that has many layers and many complex concepts. Researchers who use structural equation modeling have a good understanding of basic statistics, regression analyses, and factor analyses. Building a structural equation model requires rigorous logic as well as a deep knowledge of the field’s theory and prior empirical evidence. This article provides a very general overview of structural equation modeling without digging into the intricacies involved. Structural equation modeling is a collection of statistical techniques that allow a set of relationships between one or more independent variables and one or more dependent variables to be examined. Both independent and dependent variables can be either continuous or discrete and can be either factors or measured variables. Structural equation modeling also goes by several other names: causal modeling, causal analysis, simultaneous equation modeling, analysis of covariance structures, path analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. When exploratory factor analysis is combined with multiple regression analyses, the result is structural equation modeling (SEM). SEM allows questions to be answered that involve multiple regression analyses of factors. At the simplest level, the researcher posits a relationship between a single measured variable and other measured variables. The purpose of SEM is to attempt to explain â€Å"raw† correlations among directly observed variables. Path Diagrams Path diagrams are fundamental to SEM because they allow the researcher to diagram the hypothesized model, or set of relationships. These diagrams are helpful in clarifying the researcher’s ideas about the relationships among variables and can be directly translated into the equations needed for analysis. Path diagrams are made up of several principles: Measured variables are represented by squares or rectangles.Factors, which are made up of two or more indicators, are represented by circles or ovals.Relationships between variables are indicated by lines; lack of a line connecting the variables implies that no direct relationship is hypothesized.All lines have either one or two arrows. A line with one arrow represents a hypothesized direct relationship between two variables, and the variable with the arrow pointing toward it is the dependent variable. A line with an arrow at both ends indicates an unanalyzed relationship with no implied direction of effect. Research Questions Addressed by Structural Equation Modeling The main question asked by structural equation modeling is, â€Å"Does the model produce an estimated population covariance matrix that is consistent with the sample (observed) covariance matrix?† After this, there are several other questions that SEM can address. Adequacy of the model: Parameters are estimated to create an estimated population covariance matrix. If the model is good, the parameter estimates will produce an estimated matrix that is close to the sample covariance matrix. This is evaluated primarily with the chi-square test statistic and fit indices.Testing theory: Each theory, or model, generates its own covariance matrix. So which theory is best? Models representing competing theories in a specific research area are estimated, pitted against each other, and evaluated.Amount of variance in the variables accounted for by the factors: How much of the variance in the dependent variables is accounted for by the independent variables? This is answered through R-squared-type statistics.Reliability of the indicators: How reliable are each of the measured variables? SEM derives reliability of measured variables and internal consistency measures of reliability.Parameter estimates: SEM generates parameter estimates, or coefficients, for each path in the model, which can be used to distinguish if one path is more or less important than other paths in predicting the outcome measure.Mediation: Does an independent variable affect a specific dependent variable or does the independent variable affect the dependent variable though a mediating variable? This is called a test of indirect effects.Group differences: Do two or more groups differ in their covariance matrices, regression coefficients, or means? Multiple group modeling can be done in SEM to test this.Longitudinal differences: Differences within and across people across time can also be examined. This time interval can be years, days, or even microseconds.Multilevel modeling: Here, independent variables are collected at different nested levels of measurement (for example, students nested within classrooms nested within schools) are used to predict dependent variables at the same or other levels of measurement. Weaknesses of Structural Equation Modeling Relative to alternative statistical procedures, structural equation modeling has several weaknesses: It requires a relatively large sample size (N of 150 or greater).It requires much more formal training in statistics to be able to effectively use SEM software programs.It requires well-specified measurement and conceptual model. SEM is theory driven, so one must have well-developed a priori models. References Tabachnick, B. G. and Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using Multivariate Statistics, Fourth Edition. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon. Kercher, K. (Accessed November 2011). Introduction to SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). http://www.chrp.org/pdf/HSR061705.pdf

Literature Reveiw About Ethics and Organic Food - 9160 Words

- MASTER OF ARTS IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS - - LITERATURE REVIEW- Attitudes and motivations that influence the selection of organic food among consumers Adeline Marià © Supervisor : M. Bloom ETU 20030459 SUMMARY General Background 4 1 Market development and cultural factors. 5 1.1 Culture influences the food choice. 5 1.2 The level of development of the country market influences organic food choice 6 1.2.1 A cross- national study of Danish and New-Zealand organic consumers. 6 1.2.2 The moderators of consumption depend on the market development 7 2 The attitudes that influence consumer 9 2.1 Attitudes and the Theory of Planned Behaviour 9 2.1.1 Attitudes 9 2.1.2 The Theory of Planned Behaviour and†¦show more content†¦In a first part, we will try to understand the impact on culture on consumption and then the need to look at each country particularly. Then we will discuss the main factors that influence the consumers that is to say: attitudes, values and motivations (combined with socio-demographic factors). Eventually, we will present and analyse the research we decided to base our study on in order to develop the constructs and the propositions of the conceptual framework. 1 Market development and cultural factors. 1.1 Culture influences the food choice. The most primary factor that gives a direction to an individual is certainly is culture or region of origin. Solomon (1991, chap 15) defines it as a society s personality. It s the sharing among a population of traditions, norms, beliefs and attitudes in one country or in one specific region. Culture is the first socio-demographic factor that would affect the decision to purchase. Socio-demographic factors (Mac Carthy and Perreault, 1990, p79-81) are the dimensions that affect the consumer act of purchase in a specific consumption context. The typical ways to segment and define consumers are presented in the exhibit 1: the socio-demographic factors. Regarding this postulate, we can assume that the behaviour will be different from a country to another. For instance, Aarset et. Al (2004) highlighted that from a country to another, organic products are not seen to be

Is there a market for wool suits that are washable Free Essays

Washable wool suits with finest material and craftsmanship are very popular among men. Many Australian and Chinese companies are now introducing machine washable new blend of wool suits for increasing the sale of these suits among professionals. In 2005, a Chinese businessman and movie star in joint venture with Helain Group introduced washable wool blend suits with high quality, special performance and easy care. We will write a custom essay sample on Is there a market for wool suits that are washable? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Helian group is China’s one the largest manufacturers and retailers of menswear. They have around more than 250 retail shops in all over China and production of 3 million per year (Yin introduces, 2005) These suits were made with special blended material to maintain their style and shape even after machine wash. Retailers have always been interested in buying and merchandising washable wool suits to enhance their sales and popularize their use among new generation. Washable wool suits are marketed in key regions of China and Australia and displayed at several trade shows and exhibitions in retail stores. Washable wool suits, which were introduced in China, were made with Australian Marino wool. As these suits were introduced it was expected that demand for Australian Marino wool will increase. These wool suits were specifically introduced for increased performance and new innovative styles (Yin introduces, 2005). In 2003, Australian company AWI and Berkeley were the first to develop the technology of these suits. Later these were introduced in China in order to increase demand for Australian wool. Currently China is the largest buyer of Australian wool. Washable wool suits are also becoming popular among other Asian countries. According to Furong, President of Heilan, introduction of machine washable wool blend suits has put Heilan group at edge of others and a major step in improving their market share.   In addition, he believes that the suits they produced were easy to care, easy washable, convenience and cost effective and has huge market potential in China (Yin introduces, 2005). The need for machine washed and dried suits was also felt among American and UK professionals. Men are usually looking for suits that can be machine washed, dried and can be worn without the needed of ironing. However, one problem they face is wrinkles that appear soon after machine wash ruining the expensive fine suit. The second thing of concern to men is the need of well creased and pressed suits during their jobs and business meetings. Young professionals are more interested in having such suits. For some people suits are not just for convenience but they are worn to increase your reputability and status while you work among the company of respectable people, as noticed by a fashion historian, Anne Hollander (Rohwedder, 2006). Many professionals prefer machine wash than going to dry cleaner because its easy, fast and cost effective for them. â€Å"Kenny Cook, a 37-year-old desk clerk for Royal Mail in London, plans to buy one of the new suits for a friend’s wedding later this month. Mr. Cook says he eats lunch at his desk and often drops a piece of his sandwich on his suits. ‘I can’t be bothered to go to the dry cleaners,’ says Mr. Cook. ‘But I’ve mastered a washing machine.’† (Rohwedder, 2006) According to a report the new machine washable and dryer-friendly wool suits are made with 45% wool, 52% polyester and 3% lycra. That prevents wool to become as a wet as in its original form. Sale of such suits is also going high in UK and USA. However, most men think that these suits are not very hot, scratchy or shiny (Rohwedder, 2006). US retailers like Nordstorn Inc think that wash and dry suits is a great innovation and needs more development. But Catherine Hayward who is director of fashion design at British magazine thought that there is no need to have machine washable suits as these are needed to work at reputable organizations not for gardening or meat market (Rohwedder, 2006). However, different people have different thinking and many have considered a need for machine washable suits. Sales in China, USA, UK, and even in other Asian countries is gradually increasing. Works Cited Australia : Yin introduces Heilan’s washable wool blend suits (2005) . Retrieved from World Wide Web: http://www.fibre2fashion.com/news/textile-news/newsdetails.aspx?news_id=10076   Beyond the Bale – Issue 16 – Wool Suits Chinese Buyers. Suitable Attire? Suit Goes in Washer, Dryer, But Traditionalists Recoil: ‘This is the Antichrist’ (2006) Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB114548666330130509.html?mod=todays_us_marketplace How to cite Is there a market for wool suits that are washable?, Essay examples

Congestive Hear Failure for Alcohol and Drugs - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCongestive Hear Failure for Alcohol and Drugs. Answer: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a chronic disease that is mainly caused due to the inability of the heart to pump adequate amount of blood for meeting the oxygen demand of various organs (Kemp Conte, 2012). The case study reveals the fact that Mrs. McKenzie has been suffering from diastolic cardiac failure as she has hypertension and her respiratory rate is 30 bpm. Congestive heart failure can be brought about by several causes. It can be caused by cardiomyopathy (weakening of the heart muscles), damaged valves of the heart, Ischemic cardiomyopathy, where the blood vessels supplying the coronary arteries gets blocked (Kemp Conte, 2012). Toxic exposure to alcohol and drugs can also cause this disease. Left ventricular hypertrophy (thickening of the heart muscles) that is caused due to hypertension may also act as the contributing factor. The risk factors contributing to CHF are equal to the risk of stroke, coronary heart disease. According to Kemp Conte, (2012) hypertension is the most important risk factor accounting for about CHF in 59 % of women and 39% of men (Dib, Matin, Luckert, 2012). Elevated cholesterol, diabetes and obesity are the other factors. It is evident that Mrs. Sharon McKenzie already had a past history of Myocardial infarction at the age of 65. CHF occurs in about half of the patients with MI. With CHF the stroke volume de creases but the cardiac index is maintained by an increased heart rate. The minute work and the stroke work of the left ventricles are decreased significantly further decreasing the end-diastolic pressure of the left ventricle. This complicates the myocardial infarction causing CHF. The prevention and the treatment of CHF have risen to a burgeoning public health problem. There are almost 20 million people worldwide who are affected by CHF. According to the Australian commission for health and safety, about 5.2 millions of Australians suffer from CHF, much of which is due the obesity and diabetes (Australian heart Foundation, 2018). The estimated mortality due to CHF is about 286000. It follows an exponential pattern affecting 6-10 % of the population over the age of 65. The expected cost to the disease in Australia has been recorded to be $34.8 billion (Australian heart Foundation, 2018). CHF have not only affected the physical health of Mrs. Mackenzie, but also contribute to her emotional burden. Sense of inferiority complex or discontent may come due to the inability to do daily chores. Furthermore it will also contribute to the emotional burden. CHF failure requires regular monitoring and costly medications and even hospital stay. Hence this would also affect the economic condition of the family. The patients husband may suffer from anxiety and may be perturbed about her wellbeing. Some people even face from high levels of depressive symptoms. Symptoms Underlying pathophysiology Shortness of breath Shortness of breath, which is associated to the early stage of exertion. Difficulty in breathing is related to the recumbent position due to the augmentation of the venous return to the heart (Kemp Conte, 2012). Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea can be caused by the pulmonary congestion with the accumulated fluid in the alveolar and the institial spaces developing pulmonary edema. Lack of appetite and nausea Fluid buildup around the liver and the gut can interfere with the process of digestion that may cause changes in the appetite (Katz Konstam, 2012). Nausea is a complex act that needs central neurologic coordination. The neurologic coordination of the components of nausea is provided by the emetic center. The onset of nausea can also be due to the changes in the hormonal levels of arginine vasopressin (Cowie Poole-Wilson, 2013). Sleeping disorders and nocturia Accumulation of the extra fluid s may increase the rate of urination at night leading to sleeping disorders (Sobotka et al., 2013). Some finds it difficult to sleep without sitting upright. Renal perfusion may increase when the patient is in a supine position as when a patient lies down the blood that has been accumulated in the extremities return back to the heart and the cardiac output increases (Sobotka et al., 2013). Compared to the daytime. The augmented cardiac output perfuses the kidney to produce more urine for decreasing the work load of the heart. Swelling of ankles Edema in congestive heart failure is due to the activation of a number of humoral and non humoral mechanisms promoting re-absorption of the sodium and water by the kidneys and the expansion of the extracellular fluid (Kemp Conte, 2012). As the right ventricle of the heart begins to fail fluid begins to collect in the feet (Kemp Conte, 2012). Fatigue Fatigue during congestive heart failure is mainly caused due to the reduced cardiac output. CHF is linked with the disruptive perfusion of the vital organs, vasoconstrictive drive and diversion of the blood flow away from the skin and muscle circulations. This diversion causes muscular fatigue. Reduced oxygen delivery can fatigue and exhaustion (Mebazaa et al., 2015). Common classes of drugs Furosemide is a diuretic drug that is normally used for eliminating the water and salt from the body (Bikdeli et al., 2013). It is used against the accumulation of the fluid in the blood. It inhibits the re-absorption of the water in the nephron by the blockage of the potassium- chloride co-transporters (NKCC22) in the Henle's loop of the nephron. This mainly occurs due to the competitive inhibition occurring in the chloride binding site of the cotransporter (Felker Mentz, 2012). It prevents the transport of the sodium from the Henle's loop in the basolateral interstitium. As a result the lumen becomes hypertonic and the interstitium becomes less hypertonic, diminishing the osmotic gradient for the absorption of the water in the nephron. The salt, water and other molecules are normally filtered out of the blood in the kidneys and the filtered fluid ultimately becomes the urine (Bikdeli et al., 2013). The sodium, chloride that has been filtered out of the blood is reabsorbed in the b lood and before the conversion of the filtered fluid in to urine. Furosemide blocks the absorption of sodium, chloride and water from the filtered fluid from the kidney leading to a profound increase of urine. Thus this medicine can be used to cure the edema in the patient with CHF and fluid retention (Felker Mentz, 2012). ACE inhibitors like lisinopril, can be used for patients having CHF, as Angiostenin converting enzymes reduce the formation of the heart damaging hormones (McMurray et al., 2013). It dilates the blood vessels to lower the blood pressure in order to lessen the heart workload. It helps in blocking the formation of angiostenin II, which narrows the blood vessels and increases the blood pressure. It works by controlling the activity of the renin- angiostenin-aldosterone system (RAAS). RAAS controls the bllod pressure fluctuations. Renin in secreted in the juxtaglomerular structure of the kidney and this then produces the angieostenin. The angiostenin is converted in to angiostenin II by the ACE which increases the fluid retention and increased blood pressure. The ACE inhibitor blocks the conversion of the angiostenin I to angeostenin II. Thus it can be considered as a suitable class of medication for Mrs Mackenzie (McMurray et al., 2013). Nursing care strategies: - At the time of admission a registered nurse should first evaluate and treat the precipitating factors that have caused the heart failure right after the admission the patient, the cardiac status of the patients should be evaluated by electrocardiogram, echocardiogram (Krim et al., 2015). The immediate drug that can be administered right after the hospital admissions are furosemide, ethacrynic acid in order to inhibit the reabsorption of the sodium , potassium and the chloride from the Henle's loop (Australian heart Foundation, 2018). Nurses should be careful regarding the dosing of the diuretics, as it is vital in maintaining the normal volume status in patients with heart failure. After the initiation of the diuretics, there should be a careful monitoring of the hemodynamics (Krim et al., 2015). Bed rest is necessary during the hospital admission for improving the diuresis, physical therapy with early ambulation is required in the first 24 hours of the admission. Foley catheter can be used if the accurate assessment of urine cannot be done due to factors such as incontinence (Krim et al., 2015). The volume status should be assessed at least once in a day, including the assessment of the peripheral edema, ascites, jugular venous pressure, hepatimegaly and body weight (Feltner et al., 2014). The symptoms should be reevaluated and focus should be given on the symptoms that triggered the hospital admission. There should be a close monitoring of the vital signs in order to see the effects of diuretics in hypotension and urine output (Bradley et al., 2013). The renal output and the balance in the electrolytes should be maintained in order to ensure the replacements of the electrolytes. At the time of the admission all the guideline directed therapies should be assessed and evaluated and should be adjusted depending on the patient's condition (Bradley et al., 2013). Beta blockers and ACE Inhibitors can be used to allow diuresis and perfusion of the target organs (Feltner et al., 2014). ARBs can be used in patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors. The nurses should be cautious wh ile applying the Beta blockers to the patients who have taken inotropic therapy at the time of their index hospitalisation and those with newly diagnosed cardiac failure (Bradley et al., 2013). Reduced cardiac output, decreased ambulation increases the risk of thromboembolic events. In order to mitigate the risk, thromboembolism prophylaxis has to be administered to the patients (Feltner et al., 2014). Nurses should ausculate the breathe sound frequently for any crackles or wheezes, assess the bowel sounds for visceral congestion can change the intestinal function and hence any signs of anorexia should be reported. Nurses should encourage the patient to verbalize the feelings (Mebazaa et al., 2015). The abdomen should be palpated and any reports of right upper quadrant pain and tenderness should be reported (Feltner et al., 2014). The dietician should be consulted with for providing the necessary diet to the patient that meets her caloric needs within restricted sodium level. Nurses should be able to provide a holistic care approach to the patient, which involves provision of a calm and quite environment, helping the patient to manage stressful conditions, listen and respon d to their feelings (Rustad et al., 2012). References Alt, E. (2014). U.S. Patent No. 8,777,851. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Australian Foundation, T. (2018). Heart attack treatment. The Heart Foundation. Retrieved 24 March 2018, from https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/after-my-heart-attack/heart-attack-treatment Bikdeli, B., Strait, K. M., Dharmarajan, K., Partovian, C., Coca, S. G., Kim, N., ... Krumholz, H. M. (2013). Dominance of furosemide for loop diuretic therapy in heart failure: time to revisit the alternatives?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 61(14), 1549-1550. Bradley, E. H., Curry, L., Horwitz, L. I., Sipsma, H., Wang, Y., Walsh, M. N., ... Krumholz, H. M. (2013). Hospital strategies associated with 30-day readmission rates for patients with heart failure. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 6(4), 444-450. Cowie, M. R., Poole-Wilson, P. A. (2013). Pathophysiology of heart failure. In Essential cardiology (pp. 327-345). Springer, New York, NY. Dib, J. E., Matin, S. A., Luckert, A. (2012). Prehospital use of continuous positive airway pressure for acute severe congestive heart failure. Journal of Emergency Medicine, 42(5), 553-558. Felker, G. M., Mentz, R. J. (2012). Diuretics and ultrafiltration in acute decompensated heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 59(24), 2145-2153. Feltner, C., Jones, C. D., Cen, C. W., Zheng, Z. J., Sueta, C. A., Coker-Schwimmer, E. J., ... Jonas, D. E. (2014). Transitional care interventions to prevent readmissions for persons with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of internal medicine, 160(11), 774-784. Katz, A. M., Konstam, M. A. (2012). Heart failure: pathophysiology, molecular biology, and clinical management. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Kemp, C. D., Conte, J. V. (2012). The pathophysiology of heart failure. Cardiovascular Pathology, 21(5), 365-371. Krim, S. R., Campbell, P. T., Desai, S., Mandras, S., Patel, H., Eiswirth, C., Ventura, H. O. (2015). Management of Patients Admitted with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure. The Ochsner Journal, 15(3), 284289. McMurray, J. J., Packer, M., Desai, A. S., Gong, J., Lefkowitz, M. P., Rizkala, A. R., ... Zile, M. R. (2014). Angiotensinneprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. New England Journal of Medicine, 371(11), 993-1004. Mebazaa, A., Yilmaz, M. B., Levy, P., Ponikowski, P., Peacock, W. F., Laribi, S., ... McDonagh, T. (2015). Recommendations on pre?hospital early hospital management of acute heart failure: a consensus paper from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, the European Society of Emergency Medicine and the Society of Academic Emergency Medicine. European journal of heart failure, 17(6), 544-558. Rustad, J. K., Stern, T. A., Hebert, K. A., Musselman, D. L. (2013). Diagnosis and treatment of depression in patients with congestive heart failure: a review of the literature. The primary care companion for CNS disorders, 15(4). Sobotka, P. A., Krum, H., Bhm, M., Francis, D. P., Schlaich, M. P. (2012). The role of renal denervation in the treatment of heart failure. Current cardiology reports, 14(3), 285-292.

Understand the expected pattern of development for children and young people from birth to 19 years free essay sample

Children’s development is continuous and can be measured in a number of different ways. Although all children will develop at different rates and in different ways, the sequence in which they develop will be roughly the same as they need to have developed one skill, for example walking, before they move on to develop another such as running and jumping. Development is often referred to on a timeline and is broken down in ages. As development is more rapid in early years, the milestones start by being quite close together before becoming further apart as baby becomes a child and then a young adult. The aspects of development that children are measured on are physical, language, social and emotional, moral and intellect. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT This is important area of children’s overall development and one which can often be assumed will take place automatically as they get older, it is important that they have the opportunity to develop them in a variety of ways and they will need support in order to do this. We will write a custom essay sample on Understand the expected pattern of development for children and young people from birth to 19 years or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 0-3 babies’ movements are depending on reflexes such as sucking and grasping which they need to survive. By the age of 1 they slowly learn to have more control and most babies will be crawling or rolling. By the time they are 2 most children will be able to walk and control their movement which means they will be able to point, hold small objects, play with ball and start climbing. By their third year they will have more hand control and will be able to hold crayons and pencils, turning book pages, use cups and dress themselves. They will be running more confidently and start using tricycles. 3-7 – at this age children will be more confident in skills they have learnt and will have more control with skills like drawing, writing, colouring and cutting. Children will also be more confident in running, hopping, kicking ball and playing with larger equipment. 7-12 – children will start having hobbies and interests which means they will develop more skills in certain areas, for example, sport or dancing. They will also be able to do some more controlled finer movements, like playing an instrument or sewing. Girls might start showing some signs of puberty. 12-16 – young people will be growing stronger. Boys will be in their puberty and girls will have regular periods. 16-19 – young people become adults. Girls would reach their physical maturity, boys will continue to grow and change until their mid twenties. COMMUNICATION AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT 0-3 – adults will talk to babies even though babies can’t understand them yet. It is important for babies to be stimulated or they will find it difficult to learn the skills of effective communication later. At this age, babies will enjoy songs and games. Most will start speaking when 1 year old. 1-2years old they will start putting words together and by 2 years most children will have around 200 words. 2-3years old their vocabulary will increase rapidly but will still make some grammatical mistakes. 3-7 – children are becoming more social and will ask large number of questions, able to talk in past and future tenses confidently. 7-12 and upwards – by this age, children will develop their communication and language skill and will be able to speak fluently. Their language skills will enable them to express their opinions and share their ideas. INTELECTUAL AND CONGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Children intellectual development will depend on a wide extent of their own experiences and opportunities they are given from early stages. Children will learn in variety of ways and some will find particular tasks more difficult than others due to their own strength and abilities. 0-3 – babies will be aware of the world around them and will start to understand that objects are still here even when hidden. Babies and children will learn to indentify different items and will be able to point them. 3-7 – children will become skilled at writing and learning about their world. They will be starting to learn to read. 7-11 – children will start to develop ideas about activities or subjects they enjoy, they will still be influenced by adults and are becoming fluent in reading and writing skills. They will be developing their own thoughts and preferences and will be able to transfer information and think in more abstract way. 12 – 16 – young people will now have a clear idea about what they favourite subjects and activities are and will usually be more motivated in these areas. They might avoid situations and lack in confidence with other subjects. It is very important for teenagers to feel good about themselves and have sense of belonging. 16 – 19 – By the time they come to leave school, young people will be thinking about career and university based on subjects they selected. They will be able to focus on their areas of strength and look forward to continuing to develop these as they move on. SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL, BEHAVIOURAL AND MORAL DEVELOPMENT This area is about children and young people feel about themselves and relate to others. They need confidence to become independent as t they grow older and start to make their own way in the world. 0-3 – Very young children will be starting about their own identities. They will need to form strong attachment with parents or carers. At this stage children might have tantrums through the frustrations and will want and need to start doing things for themselves. 3 7 – children will still be developing their identities and will be starting to play with their peers and socialise using imaginative play, this will help them their concept of different roles in their lives. It is important that they learn to understand the importance of boundaries and why are they necessary. They will also respond well to given responsibilities and will need adult approval. 7 – 12 children’s friendship will become more settled and they will have group of friends. They will need to have an opportunity to solve problems and carry out some tasks that require more independence. They will continue to need to be praised and will be aware of what others might think of them. 12 – 16 – at this stage, self esteem can be very vulnerable. They will want to be more independent of adults and spend more time with peers, but can continue to show childish behaviour. They can find that they are under the pressures of growing up and increasing expectations, and may be unsure how to behave in different situations. 16 – 19 – children enter adulthood but still need some advice and guidance from adults. They will lack experience and will individuals will vary in emotional maturity and the way in which they interact with others.

The Beatles essays

The Beatles essays The Beatles are rocks classic act, in the fullest sense of the term. Their music has spoken not only to its own time, but also every generation since. They remain more widely known than any other band of the rock era, and maybe of any era. The group consisted of four Englishmen: George Harrison, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and Ringo Starr. Starr was the drummer and the others usually played electric guitar. All of the Beatles sang occasionally. They became knows as the Beatles in 1960. During the sixties, the Beatles recordings topped both the singles and album charts. With the Beatles, albums became rock milestones. Before, rock records were promoted mainly as singles. Record sales were only one dimension of their popularity. When their career really took off, Beatlemania consumed everyone, including the western world. At concerts, fans would cry and scream so loud the group could not be heard. The Beatles toured the United States in 1964 and created mayhem everywhere they preformed. Police and security persons were not prepared for the fans reaction to the Beatles. The group became the most popular group in rock and achieved not only national, but international fame. The Beatles starred in two popular movies A Hard Days Night and Help! A full length cartoon, Yellow Submarine featured the songs and characters of the Beatles. Beatlemania exploded when the group performed to some on Ed Sullivans popular television program. Over 73 million Americans tuned into the show. After the performance The Beatles would have five singles on the billboard Hot 100 Charts. Their hair and clothing styles influenced a generation of young people. Fifteen thousand Beatle wigs were sold daily. Still grown-ups took the Beatles more seriously as a psychological rather than as a musical phenomenon. ...

The Basics of a Student Teacher Resume

The Basics of a Student Teacher Resume Its important to think of your student teaching resume as your best marketing tool. This sheet of paper can be the key to getting a teaching job. Use the following tips as a guide as you develop your teaching resume. The Basics The following four headers are a must-have. The other options below should only be added if you have the experience in that particular area. →Identification→Certification→Education→Experience Identification This information should start your resume off concisely and should be printed using a font size of 12 or 14; this will help your name stand out. The best fonts to use are Arial or New Times Roman. Your identification section should include: NamePhone number ( if you have a cell phone number add that too)Address (if you have a permanent and a current address then list both of them)Email Certification This is where you list all of your certifications and endorsements that you have, each one should be on a separate line. If you are not certificated yet, then list the certification and the date that you are expected to receive it. Example: New York State Initial Certification, Expected May 2013 Education Make sure you include the following: If you are a recent or upcoming graduate then this section should be on top.Make sure you know the degree that you will be receiving and list it correctly.Include your GPA if it is 3.0 or above.Tutored students pre-k through 12th grade in reading and math.Teaching Related Experience: This section would include paid or unpaid experience that you had working with children. This can include tutor, sports coach, camp counselor, etc. Under each position list a few bullet-ed statements about what you accomplished during that position.Examples:Tutor, Huntington Learning Center, Kenmore, New York, Summer 2009.Teachers Aid, 123 Preschool, Tonawanda, New York, Fall, 2010.Oversaw the safety and care of childrenInteractive Field Experience: This section is where you add your student teaching experience. Make sure you include the grade you worked with and subject. Include specific examples of what you did with the students.Examples:Worked individually with students to develop reading skills throu gh interactive games.Developed and implemented an interdisciplinary social studies unit for a bilingual classroom.Lessons involved cooperative learning, language experience approach, hands-on experiences, and interdisciplinary teaching. Volunteer Experience/Community Service: List experiences that you had in which you supported people, communities or services. This can range from religious organizations to fundraising.Work Experience: This section is where you can include relevant experience that you had in other industries. Focus on skills that you can use in the classroom such as managing, training, public speaking, etc.Examples:Trained new employees in Search Engine Optimization.Managed payroll for company name. If you have not graduated yet, then list your anticipated or expected degree. Here are some following examples: Bachelor of Science in Elementary Education, State University of New York College at Buffalo, Expected May 2103.Master of Science in Education, State University of New York College at Buffalo, May 2013. Experience This section is the most important part of your resume. Only include experience that is relevant and that demonstrates your skills and achievements. There are a few headers that you can use in this section. Choose the option that you have the most experience working with students in. If you have a lot of experience, then you can add more than one section. Additional Optional Sections The following sections are optional. Only add additional headers if you think it will add appeal to your prospective employer. Honors: Deans List, Scholarships, anything related to teaching.Special Skills: Ability to speak a second language, proficient in computers.Professional Memberships: List any educational associations you belong to.Related Coursework: List any advanced relevant classes you have taken.

Principles of Archaeology - journal article review

Principles of Archaeology - journal review - Article Example The findings are suggested to have reduced the likelihood of social variance. However, perhaps more importantly, the evidence suggests that both animals and grain were important to the residents as a production of surplus. Hubbard (2010) suggests that the animals were likely used to provide fuel (from dung) and to provide milk for nutrition, with the animals having a similar role to the grain silos in this scenario. Additionally, the Chacolithic period to which the Tel Tsaf site dates was a transition point from ‘egalitarian villages’ (p1131) to the more stratified world of towns and cities, with mixed architecture such as that at Tel Tsaf representing that change. Hubbard (2010) suggests that further excavations are needed, but Tel Tsaf could be seen as a snapshot from the era and may provide clues as to the evolution of this changing economy. Additionally, the use of two distinct building styles for two distinct purposes challenges the archaeological assumption that th is represents social inequality. In this case, micromorphology suggests that architecture represents function and speciality rather than any differences between social groups in the community. Hubbard (2010) also draws special attention to the fact that micromorphology (a relatively new discipline) has been used to draw conclusions about the site, representing the use of such investigatory techniques in world archaeology. Methods & Data This paper is essentially descriptive, taking data from the Tel Tsaf site in Israel and putting them into an archaeological context. To do this, a lot of data was gleaned from the excavation. Data from excavations at the site from between 2004 and 2007 was used, both large-scale and micromorphological. The large-scale results were used to indicate the underlying architecture of the village, as well as the architecture of the individual structures and their layout. Excavation also found paved grain silos from the village. Micromorphology samples were taken from the buildings identified from the excavation. These samples were analysed using polarising petrographic microscopes at both the University of Reading, UK and the University of Toronto, Canada. Arguments & Conclusions The main argument of the paper is that the micromorphology of the site accounts for the differences in architecture found between the buildings. Instead of assuming that these differences provide evidence of different living styles (for example, between socio-economic classes) the micromorphology provides evidence of ‘dung spherulites and some scattered reed phytoliths’ (p1128), commonly associated with animal usage of an area. Furthermore, the evidence suggests that the differences in size and shape between the major courtyards appears to be linked to differences in function of the rooms, although there is less data given to suggest this difference amongst the human accommodation buildings. The paper also draws upon other findings to hypothesize that the animals kept in these round structures may have been kept for milk and cheese. To gain milk and cheese from the animals, it is necessary to limit the suckling, so the presence of multiple structures may indicate that this indeed was the case. Additionally, the presence of a separate enclosed area may represent a milking facility through which to provide these substances to the community. Micromorphology also identified that the majority of animals kept on the site

Long Distance Trade for the Roman and Han Empires Essay

Long Distance Trade for the Roman and Han Empires - Essay Example The much famous Silk Road route was properly established during the Han Dynasty (Duiker & Spielvogel, 2014, p. 133). The continually soaring demand for silk from the Roman Empire did intensify the commercial traffic in Central Asia. The Roma traders sailed as far as the Western ports of India to purchase the Chinese silk (Duiker & Spielvogel, 2014, p. 118). When the Han Empire conquered the territories in Southwest China, this did give impetus to the long distance trade extending as far as Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean (Duiker & Spielvogel, 2014, 135). There existed much demand for the silk and gold produced by the Han Empire. Going by the commercial importance and power of the Han Empire, the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius did send a trade mission to China to bolster the trade relations between the two Empires (Duiker & Spielvogel, 2014). The Han merchants also carried silk as far as to India and traded it for the Indian spices, gems, gold, silver, cotton, perfumes, incense, pe arls, and any array of other commodities. Long distance trade did play a major role in strengthening the Han Empire and enhancing its prosperity and affluence. The Roman Empire happened to be a big source of goods that were manufactured and mined along the Mediterranean Basin. To carry on the trade with Central Asia and Europe, the Romans built and extensive network of roads which gave an impetus to the long distance trade in the Roman Empire (McNeill & McNeill, 2003, p. 114). The Romans were also good at drafting detailed maps which happened t o be quiet accurate. The ingenuity of Roman business acumen could be noticed by the fact that the Romans did make efforts to connect the road networks with the important sea routes in their domain to assure smooth and hassle free trade (McNeill & McNeill, 2003). The Silk Road happened to be an important bridge that connected the Han and the Roman Empire.

Factors contributing to child abuse

Factors contributing to child abuse According to the US Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect, about 4,000,000 children die each year as a result of child abuse and neglect (Bob 12). Child abuse refers to nonaccidental harm that is inflicted on children by their parents or other adults (Magill 218). Many people do not take child abuse seriously because they either believe that harsh discipline is necessary, or they do not realize how bad it really is. Both child abuse and neglect are serious social problems that often have a lasting negative impact on the development of minors (Magill 218). Due to the incredibly violent and graphic nature of A Child Called It, readers may not believe the encounters are factual. However, they most regrettably are true. The abusive actions in A Child Called It parallel those of real-life child abuse cases. Abuse mostly occurs in families who are young, poor, and single (Palmisano 228). When families are going through hard times, there is a lot of stress that comes along with it. With all of this stress, the parents take it out on their children. Having a crisis in the home heightens the chances that a child will be abused (Bob 15). A familys relationship is a very important part of the system in the household. Domestic violence and parental issues are also contributing problems in reoccurring child abuse cases. Parents who abuse each other are more likely to abuse their child as well, because violence in one aspect of family life often flows into other aspects (Rein 54). Families in which the wife hits the husband, the child abuse rate was considerably higher, resulting in 22.9 children per one hundred children (Rein 54). There has also been found a correlation between family income and child abuse and neglect, (Rein 52). Child abuse cases are more likely to occur in households where money is in short supply, especially if the caregivers are unemployed (Bob 15). Difficulty in the family structure can also trigger child abuse. Children in single-family households were at higher risk of physical abuse and all types of neglect than were children in other family structures (Rein 51). In A Child Called It Dave Pelzer suffers child abuse at the hands of his alcoholic mother. It was not like this all the time. At first she was a loving and caring mother, and then she changed dramatically. Together they used to have good times. They would always spend all their time together, going to the zoo and the park, until the family slowly started to split apart. Pelzers father was a firefighter, so he worked many twenty-four hour shifts, which caused problems between him and his wife. If parents are having problems in their relationship, then they take out their anger on others. In Pelzers situation, his mother took care of all her feelings by drinking and abusing her son. Most people believe that the fathers are abusers because they are bigger and stronger, but it is mostly the women. In fact, there are many households where the woman of the family beats the man: 80% of fatal maltreatment cases were attributed to women, that is for both child abuse, and spouse abuse (Carey 23). Many people believe that women are not capable of child abuse because of their maternal instinct, but woman are the abusive ones. According to Carey, 58% of child abuse is by the mother. Many abusers inflict abuse onto their kids because that is how they grew up. The severity of child abuse, and the manner in which children are abused, bears a strong resemblance to the type of maltreatment experienced by their mothers (Kim 54). Another big contributing factor to child abuse is substance abuse. There are some cases where there is drug abuse, but the most common substance is alcohol. According to the Children of Alcoholics Foundation, 40 percent of confirmed child abuse cases involve the use of alcohol or other drugs (Kim 54). In most cases, with or without depression as a factor, studies indicate that a major contributing factor to child abuse is alcohol or drug addiction (Kim 54). In A Child Called It, the abuse is done by Pelzers alcoholic mother. With the father gone, the mother made herself useless and drunk. At times while Father was away at work, she would spend the entire day lying on the couch, dressed only in her bathrobe, watching television. Mom got up only to go to the bathroom, get another drink or heat leftover food (Pelzer 30). Shortly after this phase of being lazy, she started to abuse her son, with alcohol at her side. Whenever child abuse is suspected, the most important thing to do is to report it. Many people do not report child abuse, which may result in the child dying. There are so many reasons that people do not report child abuse, and it becomes a big mistake: 60% failed to report child maltreatment because they did not have enough evidence that the child had been maltreated (Rein 23). Whether there is a lot of evidence or not, all child abuse suspicions should be reported because it could save a childs life. Also, around 16% failed to report because they did not think CPS would do a good job (Rein 23). Whether it is believed that they would do a good job or not, letting someone know what is going on can make the smallest difference in a childs life. One-third of the mandated reporters thought the abuse was not serious enough to warrant reporting (Rein 23). There are many organizations today that will help if there is suspected child abuse, without putting the victim in any further danger. For example, there are the Societies for the Cruelty to Children, American Human Association, Child Welfare League, National Council on Child Abuse and Family Violence, and much more (Dolan 60-68). In A Child Called It all of the teachers knew about Pelzers abuse but did not say anything. According to Pelzer, every day when he walked into school he went to the nurse for their daily routine. She would ask him to remove his clothes and check all over his body for new marks. All of the teachers knew but were afraid to say something. Mr. Hansen, one of the teachers that knew about this, even called home one night to talk to his mother. When Pelzer got home that night he got a beating because of it. Child abuse is a serious crime. Many people are afraid to intervene, but they should. Many people do not really believe that child abuse is as bad as they hear from different stories, but it really is. In A Child Called It, most things that happen in real life child abuse cases, was present in the book. In both real life and in Pelzers story, the family was experiencing trouble in the structure and relationships. Also, the abuser was the mother figure. And the worse thing of all is the community negligence. Many people do not say anything, whether what they suspect is really happening or not. Child abuse is real and Dave Pelzer experienced it first hand.